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傳統能源(yuan)與環境矛盾的(de)(de)(de)日益(yi)突出,電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車已經越(yue)來越(yue)普及,電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)報廢(fei)或更新換(huan)代(dai)使動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)以(yi)及梯(ti)次利用(yong)成為關鍵問題.近年(nian)來,在行業規范和(he)政府補(bu)貼政策的(de)(de)(de)支持下,我國(guo)廢(fei)舊(jiu)動(dong)力(li)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)拆解回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)和(he)梯(ti)級利用(yong)都得到(dao)了快速的(de)(de)(de)發展.以(yi)動(dong)力(li)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為例(li),綜述(shu)了廢(fei)舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車用(yong)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)梯(ti)級利用(yong)及拆解回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)技術,并對相關經濟效益(yi)進行了分析.隨(sui)著廢(fei)舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)規模的(de)(de)(de)日益(yi)增長,磷(lin)酸鐵鋰動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)梯(ti)級利用(yong)以(yi)及三元電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)濕法回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)均具(ju)有較高的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)價值.

現在市面(mian)常見電池的危害：

(1) 鋅錳電池 鋅錳干(gan)電池的(de)危害(hai)，主要是其中(zhong)(zhong)所含的(de)汞和酸、堿等電解(jie)質(zhi)溶液在廢棄(qi)后可能進入環境中(zhong)(zhong)所造成(cheng)的(de)危害(hai)。重(zhong)金屬(shu)汞能夠引(yin)發(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)樞(shu)神(shen)經系統(tong)疾(ji)病，是日(ri)本“水俁病”的(de)罪(zui)魁(kui)禍首(shou)。

(2) 鈕扣(kou)電(dian)(dian)池 鈕扣(kou)式(shi)鋅銀(yin)電(dian)(dian)池廣泛地用于電(dian)(dian)子鐘表、計(ji)算器、助聽器等，是(shi)人(ren)們比較熟悉(xi)的電(dian)(dian)池品(pin)種。這類電(dian)(dian)池的危(wei)害也主要是(shi)由汞(gong)、鎘和銀(yin)造成的危(wei)害。據有關資料顯示(shi)，一顆鈕扣(kou)電(dian)(dian)池產生的有害物質能污染60萬升水。

(3) 鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi) ，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（Lithium battery）是指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)化學體系(xi)中含(han)有(you)鋰(li)(li)(li)（包(bao)括(kuo)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)鋰(li)(li)(li)、鋰(li)(li)(li)合(he)金(jin)(jin)和(he)鋰(li)(li)(li)離子、鋰(li)(li)(li)聚合(he)物）的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。包(bao)括(kuo)一次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)鋰(li)(li)(li)、鋰(li)(li)(li)離子二(er)次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。因其具有(you)性價比(bi)高、儲(chu)存壽命(ming)長、工作溫(wen)度范圍寬等(deng)優點，被應(ying)用于手表、照相(xiang)機、計算器(qi)(qi)、后備電(dian)(dian)源、心臟起搏器(qi)(qi)、安全報警器(qi)(qi)等(deng)。這類電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)危(wei)害相(xiang)對(dui)較小，對(dui)其回收(shou)利用，主(zhu)要(yao)是回收(shou)有(you)用成分金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)鋰(li)(li)(li)。

(4) 堿(jian)性蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi) 堿(jian)性蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有鋅銀、鎘鎳、鐵(tie)鎳、鎳氫等系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。鎘鎳蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是使用范圍最廣(guang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)列，也是環境污染問題所重點關注的(de)一(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，鎘是毒性很大的(de)物質，具有致癌性，而鎳也同樣(yang)具有致癌性，對水(shui)生物有明(ming)顯的(de)危害性。據美國EPA調查，廢棄鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)鎘占城市固體垃圾中鎘總量的(de)75%。

(5) 鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池 鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池是世界上(shang)產(chan)量最(zui)大、用途最(zui)廣的一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)池。銷售額(e)占全球電(dian)(dian)池銷售額(e)的30%以上(shang)。我國鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池年(nian)產(chan)量近3000萬(wan)kWh。這類(lei)電(dian)(dian)池的污染(ran)主要是重金屬(shu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)和電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質溶液的污染(ran)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)能夠引(yin)起神經系統(tong)的神經衰(shuai)弱、手足(zu)麻木，消(xiao)化(hua)系統(tong)的消(xiao)化(hua)不(bu)良，血液中毒和腎損傷(shang)等癥狀。

廢鋰電池(chi)中的(de)鈷、鋰、銅(tong)及塑(su)料等(deng)均是(shi)寶貴(gui)資(zi)源，具有極高的(de)回收價值、環境效益和(he)良好的(de)經濟效益。鋰電池(chi)正負極回收分選(xuan)設備是(shi)通過(guo)撕破機(ji)破碎、振動篩分、雙(shuang)棍摩擦風選(xuan)機(ji)等(deng)分選(xuan)出純塑(su)膜(mo)、鋁粒、銅(tong)粉、陽極粉、和(he)陰極粉。

瑞爾斯根據客戶需要對已經分選出的塑料薄膜類氟類等物質進行焚燒處理，焚燒處理溫度技術要求950度以上并進行二次燃燒，有效降低煙氣內二噁英等有害氣體的形成和產生。

物料通(tong)過(guo)通(tong)過(guo)煅燒爐進行一(yi)次(ci)(ci)燃(ran)(ran)燒，燃(ran)(ran)燒后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)二(er)次(ci)(ci)燃(ran)(ran)燒和急冷組合旋風收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)系統除去二(er)噁英等有害(hai)(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體并(bing)進行氣(qi)(qi)體收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)，收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體通(tong)過(guo)脈沖除塵(chen)(chen)進行二(er)次(ci)(ci)氣(qi)(qi)體除塵(chen)(chen)處(chu)理(li)(li)，除塵(chen)(chen)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體通(tong)過(guo)活性(xing)炭將有害(hai)(hai)物質(zhi)進行活性(xing)炭吸附，活性(xing)炭處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)尾氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)除硝噴淋(lin)、除酸(suan)噴淋(lin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)通(tong)過(guo)煙(yan)囪排入大氣(qi)(qi)。